Hvordan gør LoRa-teknologi til at fungere?

Hvordan gør LoRa-teknologi til at fungere?

NOTE: some material OF THIS ARTICLE WAS quoted from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa

LoRa Alliance – Homepage

LoRa (from “Long Range”, sometimes abbreviated as “LR”) is a physical proprietary radio communication technique. It is based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology.It was developed by Cycleo, a company of Grenoble, France, and patented in 2014. In March 2012, Cycleo was acquired by the US company Semtech.

LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) defines the communication protocol and system architecture. LoRaWAN is an official standard of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ITU-T Y.4480. The continued development of the LoRaWAN protocol is managed by the open, non-profit LoRa Alliance, of which Semtech is a founding member.

Together, LoRa and LoRaWAN define a low-power, wide-area (LPWA) networking protocol designed to wirelessly connect battery operated devices to the Internet in regional, national or global networks, and targets key Internet of things (IoT) requirements, such as bi-directional communication, end-to-end security, mobility and localization services. The low power, low bit rate, and IoT use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LoRaWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel.

Pippe Spread Spectrum (CSS)

Dette er den fysiske lag graduering teknik, der anvendes af LoRa-radio. CSS virker ved at tage et sinusformet signal, og ændre dens frekvens lineært over tid, at skabe en pippe signal. Dette signal er så moduleres på en bærefrekvens.

Chirp spread spectrum has been used in military and space communication for decades, but LoRa is the first low-cost implementation for commercial usage. Communication between end-devices and gateways is spread out on different frequency channels and data rates. The selection of the data rate is a trade-off between communication range and message duration. Due to the spread spectrum technology, communications with different data rates do not interfere with each other and create a set of “virtual” channels increasing the capacity of the gateway. LoRaWAN data rates range from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps.

Ved godt signal over en bredere båndbredde, LoRa spreder energi over et større frekvensområde. Dette øger modstandskraften over for interferens og støj, mens at forbedre modtagelsen af signalet ved grænsen.

Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)

Adaptive Data Rate
Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) is a mechanism for optimizing data rates, airtime and energy consumption in the network. This reference documents how ADR is implemented in The Things Stack.

How ADR Works
The ADR mechanism controls the following transmission parameters of an end device:

Spreading factor
Båndbredde
Transmission power

Denne optimering sikrer de bedste priser data under skiftende kanal betingelser, maksimere både batteriets levetid af noder og samlet kapacitet på nettet.

Sammen CSS og ADR give LoRa sin imponerende udvalg og robusthed, mens du bruger minimal strøm. De signaler, der vises støj-ligesom til andre systemer, for at øge sikkerheden.

Vigtigste funktioner og fordele af LoRa-teknologi

Lad os tage et dybere kig på nogle af de fremragende fordele af LoRa radio-teknologi:

• Long-range-forbindelse– Så intervaller af 15+ km i landlige omgivelser og 5+ km i byområder. Tillader, at by-skala dækning, og en god penetration af bygninger, der er opnået.
• Lav power– Mellem 10 mA og 100 nA i dvaletilstand. Afhængigt af programmet, skal batteriets levetid er 2 til 15 år. Dramatisk reducerer vedligeholdelsesomkostningerne.
• Sikker transmissioner– AES-128 bit kryptering beskytter data, og forhindrer, at uautoriserede indgreb.
• Præcis geolocation– Signaler kan lokalisere placering inden for ti meter uden GPS. Nyttigt for sporing af aktiver.
• Global frekvensbånd – 868 MHz (863-870 MHz, der er opdelt i flere subbands) i Europa og 915 MHz i USA. Kanalen brugsperiode er begrænset af lovgivning i mange lande (duty cycle).
• Tovejskommunikation– Sende data frem og skubbe konfiguration ned. LoRa kommunikationsenheder nable fjernbetjening.
• Høj kapacitet– En enkelt LoRa gateway kan håndtere millioner af beskeder dagligt fra tusindvis af enheder.
• Åben standard– LoRaWAN er en åben spec overvåget af non-profit LoRa Alliance. Drev vedtagelse og interoperabilitet.

The LoRa-Alliance, a nonprofit group and creators of LoRaWAN, is a collaboration of members from around the world tasked to share knowledge and experiences in order to guarantee interoperability between LoRa network operators in one open global standard. While LoRaWAN defines the communication protocol and system architecture for the network, the LoRa architecture enables the long-range communication link. These two elements combine to help determine the battery lifetime of a node, the network capacity, the quality of service, the security and other applications served by the network.

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